Dette er en liste af de største kendte epidemier og pandemier der er forårsaget af infektioner Almindelige som hjerte ka

Dette er en liste af de største kendte epidemier og pandemier, der er forårsaget af infektioner. Almindelige som hjerte-kar-sygdomme og kræft er ikke inkluderet. En epidemi er en hurtig spredning af en sygdom til et stort antal personer i en given population inden for en kort periode; for meningokokker, vil en smitterate, der overstiger 15 ud af 100.000 personer i to på hinanden følgende uger bliver betragtet som en epidemi.

En tysk "pestplatte" fra 1600-tallet, der afbilder dødes triumf. Paneler som disser blev placeret på huse, for at advare imod pest. En pestepidemi hærgede i Augsburg, Bayern, mellem 1632 og 1635.

Som følge af de lange periode som (500-700) og (1300 til begyndelsen af 1800-tallet) strækker sig over, så bliver de vist som individuelle udbrud, som den justinianske pest (første pandemi) og den sorte død (anden pandemi).

Epidemier efter dødstal

Igangværende pandemier er skrevet med fed. For en given epidemi bliver det gennemsnitlige antal døde brugt til rangeringen. Hvis dødstallet for to epidemier er det samme, vil den med den laveste afvigelse rangere højest. For historiske optegnelser af verdensbefolkningen se Verdens befolkning.

Epidemier og pandemier med minst 1 millioner dødsfald
Rank	Epidemi/pandemi	Sygdom	Dødstal	Andel af den globale befolkning tabt	Andel af den regionale befolkning tabt	Tidspunkt	Sted
1	Den sorte død	Byldepest	75–200 millioner	17–54%	30–60% af Europas befolkning	1346–1353	Europa, Asien og Nordafrika
2	Den spanske syge	Influenza A/H1N1	17–100 millioner	1–5.4%	–	1918–1920	Hele verden
3	Den justinianske pest	Byldepest	15–100 millioner	7–56%	25–60% af Europas befolkning	541–549	Europa og Vestasien
4		AIDS	43 millioner (pr. 2024)		–	1981–nu	Hele verden
5		Byldepest	12–15 million		–	1855–1960	Hele verden
6	Coronaviruspandemien	COVID-19	7–35 millioner (pr. 2024)	0,07–0,25%	–	2019–nutiden	Hele verden
7		Cocoliztli	5–15 millioner	1–3%	27–80% af Mexicos befolkning	1545–1548	Mexico
8		Kopper eller mæslinger	5–10 millioner	3–6%	25–33% af den romerske befolkning	165–180 (måske op til 190)	Romerriget
9		Kopper	5–8 millioner	1–2%	23–37% af Mexicos befolkning	1519–1520	Mexico
10		Tyfus	2–3 millioner	0,1–0,16%	1–1,6% af Ruslands befolkning	1918–1922	Rusland
11			1–4 millioner	0,03–0,1%	–	1957–1958	Hele verden
12			1–4 millioner	0,03–0,1%	–	1968–1969	Hele verden
13	i 1576	Cocoliztli	2–2,5 millioner	0,4–0,5%	50% a Mexicos befolkning	1576–1580	Mexico
14		Kopper	2 millioner	1%	33% af Japans befolkning	735–737	Japan
15		Byldepest	2 millioner	0,2–0,3%		1772–1773	Persien
16		Pest	1,25 millioner	0,2%		1656–1658	Syditalien
17		Kolera	1 million+	0,08%	–	1846–1860	Hele verden
18		Byldepest	1 million	0,2%		1629–1631	Italien
19	1889-1890-pandemien	Influenza (omstridt)	1 million	0,07%	–	1889–1890	Hele verden

Fodnoter

The estimates of global population at the time vary non-trivially (no consensus). The current estimates are based on the available population data from .
Global population changed significantly (not due to the epidemic) during the period of this epidemic.
The governmental report of COVID-19 deaths is likely an undercount and is treated as the lower bound. The academic upper bound is provided by , which agrees with the estimate of the World Health Organization on 21 May 2021 that the governmental number "would truly be two to three times higher." In addition, the Economist keeps a daily estimate of the total excess deaths due to the pandemic (10–19 million as of 14 October 2021), including diseases other than COVID-19.
The COVID-19 pandemic started as a regional /epidemic of COVID-19 in China in late 2019. The World Health Organization declared it as a "pandemic" on 11 March 2020. The starting time of this epidemic is thus 2019, regardless of the time when it was formally recognized as a pandemic.
was not limited to Russia and several million citizens died in Poland and Romania. However, due to lack of exact data, only the Russian epidemic is included.
No accurate data about the local population at the time of this epidemic.

Referencer

Green MS; Swartz T; Mayshar E; Lev B; Leventhal A; Slater PE; Shemer Js (januar 2002). "When is an epidemic an epidemic?". Isr. Med. Assoc. J. 4 (1): 3-6. PMID 11802306.
"World Population by Year". (engelsk). Hentet 2021-02-20.
"World Population History". World Population (amerikansk engelsk). Hentet 2021-03-01.
Wade, Lizzie (2020-05-14). "From Black Death to fatal flu, past pandemics show why people on the margins suffer most". Science (engelsk). Hentet 2021-02-06.
"The Spanish flu (1918–20): The global impact of the largest influenza pandemic in history". Our World in Data. Hentet 2021-02-06.
"Compare: 1918 Spanish Influenza Pandemic Versus COVID-19". BioSpace (amerikansk engelsk). Hentet 2021-02-25.
Mordechai, Lee; Eisenberg, Merle; Newfield, Timothy P.; Izdebski, Adam; Kay, Janet E.; Poinar, Hendrik (2019-12-17). "The Justinianic Plague: An inconsequential pandemic?". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (engelsk). 116 (51): 25546-25554. doi:10.1073/pnas.1903797116. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6926030. PMID 31792176.
"ArcGIS Dashboards- COVID-19 Dashboard by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University". Johns Hopkins University. Hentet 24. oktober 2021.
"COVID-19 Projections". (University of Washington). Hentet 24. oktober 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1-vedligeholdelse: url-status (link)
"Total death toll from COVID-19 could be at least 6–8 million: WHO". Reuters. 2021-05-21.
"The pandemic's true death toll". The Economist (engelsk). Hentet 11. september 2021.
"WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 11 March 2020". World Health Organization (engelsk).
Acuna-Soto, R.; Stahle, D. W.; Cleaveland, M. K.; Therrell, M. D. (8. april 2002). "Megadrought and Megadeath in 16th Century Mexico". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 8 (4): 360-362. doi:10.3201/eid0804.010175. PMC 2730237. PMID 11971767.
"Antonine Plague". . Hentet 2021-02-06.
"Population of Russia". www.tacitus.nu. Arkiveret fra originalen 18. oktober 2021. Hentet 2021-03-01.
Suzuki, A. (2011). "Smallpox and the epidemiological heritage of modern Japan: Towards a total history". Medical History. 55 (3): 313-318. doi:10.1017/S0025727300005329. PMC 3143877. PMID 21792253.
Kohn, George C. (2002). Encyclopedia of Plague and Pestilence: From Ancient Times to the Present. Princeton, New Jersey: Checkmark Books. s. 213. ISBN 978-0816048939.
Staff, Knowable Magazine (16. juli 2020). "Pandemics in recent history". Knowable Magazine. doi:10.1146/knowable-071520-2.
King, Anthony (maj 2020). "An uncommon cold". New Scientist. 246 (3280): 32-35. Bibcode:2020NewSc.246...32K. doi:10.1016/S0262-4079(20)30862-9. PMC 7252012. PMID 32501321.

[Worldp-4] The estimates of global population at the time vary non-trivially (no consensus). The current estimates are based on the available population data from .

[Decades-9] Global population changed significantly (not due to the epidemic) during the period of this epidemic.

[COVID1-14] The governmental report of COVID-19 deaths is likely an undercount and is treated as the lower bound. The academic upper bound is provided by , which agrees with the estimate of the World Health Organization on 21 May 2021 that the governmental number "would truly be two to three times higher." In addition, the Economist keeps a daily estimate of the total excess deaths due to the pandemic (10–19 million as of 14 October 2021), including diseases other than COVID-19.

[COVID2-16] The COVID-19 pandemic started as a regional /epidemic of COVID-19 in China in late 2019. The World Health Organization declared it as a "pandemic" on 11 March 2020. The starting time of this epidemic is thus 2019, regardless of the time when it was formally recognized as a pandemic.

[RussiaTy-19] was not limited to Russia and several million citizens died in Poland and Romania. However, due to lack of exact data, only the Russian epidemic is included.

[Localp-23] No accurate data about the local population at the time of this epidemic.

[Green-1] Green MS; Swartz T; Mayshar E; Lev B; Leventhal A; Slater PE; Shemer Js (januar 2002). "When is an epidemic an epidemic?". Isr. Med. Assoc. J. 4 (1): 3-6. PMID 11802306.

[:5-2] "World Population by Year". (engelsk). Hentet 2021-02-20.

[:9-3] "World Population History". World Population (amerikansk engelsk). Hentet 2021-03-01.

[5] Wade, Lizzie (2020-05-14). "From Black Death to fatal flu, past pandemics show why people on the margins suffer most". Science (engelsk). Hentet 2021-02-06.

[6] "The Spanish flu (1918–20): The global impact of the largest influenza pandemic in history". Our World in Data. Hentet 2021-02-06.

[autogeneret1-7] "Compare: 1918 Spanish Influenza Pandemic Versus COVID-19". BioSpace (amerikansk engelsk). Hentet 2021-02-25.

[:4-8] Mordechai, Lee; Eisenberg, Merle; Newfield, Timothy P.; Izdebski, Adam; Kay, Janet E.; Poinar, Hendrik (2019-12-17). "The Justinianic Plague: An inconsequential pandemic?". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (engelsk). 116 (51): 25546-25554. doi:10.1073/pnas.1903797116. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6926030. PMID 31792176.

[:11-10] "ArcGIS Dashboards- COVID-19 Dashboard by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University". Johns Hopkins University. Hentet 24. oktober 2021.

[:10-11] "COVID-19 Projections". (University of Washington). Hentet 24. oktober 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1-vedligeholdelse: url-status (link)

[COVID-19-12] "Total death toll from COVID-19 could be at least 6–8 million: WHO". Reuters. 2021-05-21.

[Econ-13] "The pandemic's true death toll". The Economist (engelsk). Hentet 11. september 2021.

[15] "WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 11 March 2020". World Health Organization (engelsk).

[Megadrought_and_Megadeath_in_16th_Century_Mexico-17] Acuna-Soto, R.; Stahle, D. W.; Cleaveland, M. K.; Therrell, M. D. (8. april 2002). "Megadrought and Megadeath in 16th Century Mexico". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 8 (4): 360-362. doi:10.3201/eid0804.010175. PMC 2730237. PMID 11971767.

[18] "Antonine Plague". . Hentet 2021-02-06.

[20] "Population of Russia". www.tacitus.nu. Arkiveret fra originalen 18. oktober 2021. Hentet 2021-03-01.

[Suzuki-21] Suzuki, A. (2011). "Smallpox and the epidemiological heritage of modern Japan: Towards a total history". Medical History. 55 (3): 313-318. doi:10.1017/S0025727300005329. PMC 3143877. PMID 21792253.

[Kohn-22] Kohn, George C. (2002). Encyclopedia of Plague and Pestilence: From Ancient Times to the Present. Princeton, New Jersey: Checkmark Books. s. 213. ISBN 978-0816048939.

[Knowable-24] Staff, Knowable Magazine (16. juli 2020). "Pandemics in recent history". Knowable Magazine. doi:10.1146/knowable-071520-2.

[25] King, Anthony (maj 2020). "An uncommon cold". New Scientist. 246 (3280): 32-35. Bibcode:2020NewSc.246...32K. doi:10.1016/S0262-4079(20)30862-9. PMC 7252012. PMID 32501321.